Access Keys

A Gyorsbillentyűk (időnként Gyorsító billentyűk vagy Billentyűzet gyorsítókként hivatkozunk rájuk) fogalma lehetővé teszi specifikus vezérlőelemek elérését egy ablakon belül az Alt gomb és a billentyűzet egy másik gombjának lenyomásával. Ezzel növeled az ablakaid használhatóságát, mivel a felhasználónak lehetőséget ad az ablakok közötti billentyűzetes navigálásra a kizárólagos egérhasználat helyett.

Gyorsbillentyűk definiálása

Gyorsbillenytűk definiálása a WPF vezérlőkhöz nagyon könnyű, bár a módszer kicsit meglepő. Normál esetben ezt a vezérlő egy tulajdonságával állíthatnánk, de a gyorsbillentyűknél nem így van. Ehelyett egy aláhúzás prefixszel jelezhetjük a Text/Context tulajdonságnál. Pl így:

<Button Content="_New"></Button>

Vegyük észre az aláhúzást (_) az N karakter előtt - ez az N billentyűt gyorsbillentyűvé változtatja a Button vezérlőnél. Alapesetben a vezérlő megjelenése nem változik, ahogy az ebben a példában is látható. Itt minden gombhoz rendeltem gyorsbillentyűt:

Azonban amint az Alt billentyűt lenyomod a billentyűzeteden, az elérhető gyorsbillentyűk aláhúzással lesznek kiemelve:

Amíg nyomva tartod az Alt billentyűt, addig az egyik gyorsbillentyűt (pl.: N, O vagy S) lenyomva aktiválhatod az adott gombot. A viselkedése olyan, mintha egérrel kattintottál volna rá.

Access Keys are fine for single elements in a dialog/window, but they are even more useful in the traditional Windows Menus, where you will usually need to click your way through a hierarchy of menu items before reaching the one you need. Here's an example from Visual Studio:

In this case, instead of having to navigate through the menu with several mouse moves and clicks when I want to start a new Project, I can hold down the Alt key and then press F (for File), then N (for New) and then P (for Project). Sure, this could also have been accomplished with the regular keyboard shortcut (Ctrl+Shift+N), but that shortcut is not visible until you reach the last level of the menu hierarchy, so unless you have it memorized already, it might be easier to use the Access Keys, since they are visually highlighted as soon as you press the Alt key.

Which character(s) should be used as Access Keys?

You might be tempted to just use any of the characters found in the control text/content, but there are actually guidelines for picking the right character. The most important rule is of course to pick a character not used by another control already, but in addition to that, you should use the following guidelines:

• Use the first character of the first word
• If that's not possible, use the first character of the second or third word (e.g. the A in Save As)
• If that's not possible, use the second character of the first word (e.g. P in Open)
• If that's not possible, use the second character of the second or third word (e.g. the l in Save All)
• In general, you may want to avoid narrow characters like i and l, and go for the wider characters like m, s, w etc.

Tying together two controls

In the examples we have seen so far, we have been able to define the Access Key directly on the control we want to reach. But there's at least one example where this isn't directly possible: When you have an input control, e.g. a TextBox, the text that indicate its purpose doesn't exist within the actual TextBox control. Instead, you would usually use a second control to indicate, with text, the purpose of the TextBox control. This would usually be a Label control.

So, in this example, the Label control would then hold the descriptive text, and therefore also the Access Key, but the control you want to give attention to would be the TextBox control. No problem - we can use the Target property of the Label to tie it together with the TextBox (or any other control), like this:

<StackPanel Margin="20">
    <Label Content="_First name:" Target="{Binding ElementName=txtFirstName}" />
    <TextBox Name="txtFirstName" />
    <Label Content="_Last name:" Target="{Binding ElementName=txtLastName}" />
    <TextBox Name="txtLastName" />
    <Button Content="_Save" Margin="20"></Button>
</StackPanel>

Notice how the Access Key is specified for the Label controls and then tied to the relevant TextBox control using the Target property, where we use an ElementName based Binding to do the actual work. Now we can access the two TextBox controls using Alt+F and Alt+L, and the Button with Alt+S. Here's how it looks:

Summary

By using Access Keys in your windows/dialogs, you are making it much easier for people to navigate using only their keyboards. This is especially popular among power-users, who will use the keyboard in favor of the mouse as much as possible. You should always use Access Keys, especially for your menus.